Suggested Answers for Traces 1
Building New Words Using Affixes
1. Roots
2. Task
3. lead
4. recess
5. innovate
6. compete
7. radiate
8. ride
9. designate
10. liberal
11. authorize
12. quantity
Prefixes
Task A
unpopular
misuse
remarry
malpractice
unease
imperfect
inconsiderate
impersonal
misplace
non-specific
Task B
monorail
decomposed
unrest
antibiotic
readmitted
indecent
mistrial
Telemarketing
substandard
disbanded
Suffixes
Task A
Root word Noun Verb Adjective Adverb
1. hope hope hope hopeless hopelessly
2. argue argument argue arguable arguably
3. political politics politicize political politically
4. thought thought Think thoughtful thoughtfully
5. fool fool Fool foolish foolishly
6. apologize apology apologize apologetic apologetically
7. general generalization generalize general generally
8. popular popularity popularize popular popularly
9. intense intensity intensify intense intensely
10. expect expectation expect expectant expectantly
Task B
exposure
rationalize
artful
expectancy
unfortunate
disseminate
irregularities
marketable
irreparable
restructuring
Skimming and Scanning
Task A
Health benefits of almond
Evolution of the telephone
Features of an MP3 player
Task B
Analyzing needs and desires to reduce debts.
Factors that lead to the extinction of dodo.
Ways on how truffles are harvested.
Scanning
Task A
The house in Taman Muzaffar Heights.
RM400
The house in Taman Muzaffar Heights
Joey
The house in Taman Kerjasama
The Taman Jati bungalow
Task B
10 years
One who is a Malaysian, is below the age of 21, has obtained at least 6 distinctions in the SPM examination and is active in sports and co-curricular activities.
No because he does not meet the scholarship requirement that needs at least 6 distinctions.
RM6500
No.
The form can be obtained online at http://www.telemobile.com.my/scholar
The documents are certified true copies of one’s SPM results, IC, curriculum vitae and 2 recommendation letters.
A and B
3 ways – via post, email and fax.
31 August 2006
Distinguishing Main Ideas From Supporting Details
Task A
1. Topic: Red poinsettia
Main idea: The appeal of poinsettia
Supporting details:
a) Its vibrant colour can brighten up a home.
b) It is a perfect gift because of its versatility.
c) It can last long.
d) It is affordable.
2. Topic: Toasting with champagne or wine
Main idea: How to make a toast
Supporting details:
a) Check with the hosts when the toast can be offered.
b) When toasting, spontaneity, brevity and wit are important.
c) End with inviting all to join in, make a wish and sip the drink.
3. Topic: Year-end bonuses
Main idea: How people spend their year-end bonuses.
Supporting details:
a) Change to more expensive car or go on shopping spree.
b) Upgrade or invest in real estate.
c) Check off priorities on the financial to-do list.
4. Topic: Excessive consumption of alcohol
Main idea: Health effects of drinking too much alcohol
Supporting details:
a) Kidneys secrete more urine till the body becomes dehydrated.
b) It inflames the stomach and causes gastroenteritis.
c) Brain cells are incapacitated which leads to brain swelling and a headache.
5. Topic: Planning outings
Main idea: Plan outings with children in mind
Supporting details:
a) Pack and place tidbits, toys and books at reachable places.
b) Make a few rest stops.
c) Time the trip so that you can arrive fresh and rested.
Task B
Cybercourtship
a) paragraph 1 – emergence of cybercourtship
b) paragraph 2 – reasons for virtual courtship
c) paragraph 3 – reasons for virtual courtship
d) paragraph 4 – challenges of virtual romance
a) The reasons people opt for cybercourtship
· Online, there is less inhibition and shyness that normally go with visual contact.
· It is easier to form quick, intense bond online.
· Writing online has its own characteristics of language freedom and speed.
b) The problems that virtual courtship can create
· One’s casual, quickly typed comment can be easily misunderstood.
· Without physical feedback from body language, it becomes hard to control interaction.
Distinguishing Relevant From Irrelevant Details
Task A
B
C
D
D
B
Task B
In traditional reading lessons, teachers often find it difficult to manage students who feel frustrated and give up whenever they cannot complete their tasks on time.
Learning should not be passive but should involve the learner in continually thinking about the language, engaging in it and responding to it.
Thus, designing multimedia courseware demands careful attention as the novelty features of multimedia may offer short-term incentive to engage in the technology but may not necessarily lead to improved learning.
Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary Enrichment
Reading Comprehension
1. Their career plans depends on the needs of their husbands and children, and they expect their careers to be interrupted or halted at various times.
2. The main idea of paragraph 5 is that the American workplace is not designed for people who want to make equal commitments to their family and their job.
3. “This” refers to the fact that working women do fifteen more hours of work a week than their husbands do.
4. Several reasons:
- women earn less than men and so have more of an economic need for marriage
- marriage is less stable then it used to be, and divorce is more economically damaging to women then to men
- many divorced mothers receive little emotional or other support from traditionally minded friends and relatives.
True/False
F
T
F
T
Contextual Clues
1. unanimous - in complete agreement/ undisputed
2. vague - unclear/ indistinct
3. halted - stopped/ ceased
4. realistic - practical/ rational/ reasonable
5. alternatives - options/ choices
6. ridiculed - mocked/ scorned
7. visible - obvious/ noticeable
8. routines - schedule/ habit/ practice
9. colliding - conflicting
10. privileged - advantaged
* Note: accept other possible answers
Affixes
1. clearly, adverb
2. cultural, adjective
3. alternates, verb
4. responsibility, noun
5. oppression, noun
UNIT 2 GRAMMAR
Parts of Speech
Noun
Task: Underline the nouns in the following sentences.
1. We will take the quiz today.
2. I’ll have the guava juice, please.
3. Aish is studying music at college.
4. Her parents plan to go to the moon.
5. My pony has eaten four carrots just now.
6. I thought it was a strange comment to make.
7. Maxwell and Kevin played a game in the library.
8. A new giraffe was donated to the zoo last month.
9. Mr and Mrs Kendell lived in a little cottage by the lake.
10. We painted the playroom yellow and the library green.
11. The committee will meet today to make the vital decision.
12. The crocodile hunter accidentally crushed the cuckoo’s eggs.
13. The university guard looked at all the students’ identification card.
14. All the paddy fields in Kedah were invaded by bugs last year.
15. Some scientists believe that schizophrenia is transmitted genetically.
16. Many childcare workers are unemployed during the recession period.
17. According to the sign, the nearest petrol station is 10 kilometres away.
18. The details given to the officers in charge of the crime were very accurate.
19. Since he inherited his uncle’s audiovisual room, Baihaqi spends every weekend indexing his CDs and DVDs.
20. Over the course of twenty-seven years, Captain Asri flew over seven hundred thousand hours in various types of aircraft.
Pronoun
Task: Identify the type of pronoun of the highlighted words in the following sentences: personal, reflexive, possessive, relative, indefinite, demonstrative or interrogative.
1. I can’t find them. PERSONAL
2. Give the list to me. PERSONAL
3. This must not continue. DEMONSTRATIVE
4. She wants to do it herself. REFLEXIVE
5. Jim gave me the last copy. PERSONAL
6. Why are you shouting at me? PERSONAL
7. Nobody said a word all night. INDEFINITE
8. His is on the kitchen counter. POSSESSIVE
9. I can’t believe it’s finally ours. POSSESSIVE
10. He wants to go to Scarborough. PERSONAL
11. Whom do you think we should invite? INTERROGATIVE
12. I will read whichever manuscript that arrives first. RELATIVE
13. The town gave them a special award last summer. PERSONAL
14. Whoever broke the window will have to replace it. INDEFINITE
15. The girl who usually cuts my hair has won the lottery. RELATIVE
16. Richard usually sends a copy of his e-mail to himself. REFLEXIVE
17. Let’s contact one another once we’ve made some progress. INDEFINITE
18. Many were invited to the lunch, but only twelve showed up. INDEFINITE
19. Make sure you give everyone a copy of the amended minutes. INDEFINITE
20. Rebecca and I told the reporter the story about our neighbours. PERSONAL
Adjective
Task: In each of the following sentences, indicate whether the highlighted word is an adjective or a noun.
1. Life is not cheap. NOUN
2. Friday is a busy day for me. ADJ
3. What is your phone number? ADJ
4. The records of our patient are confidential. NOUN
5. Uncle Carl is really a sweet old man. ADJ
6. This needs to be fumigated. NOUN
7. The bakery sold his favourite type of bread. ADJ
8. The Prime Minister is a close friend of mine. ADJ
9. The Chinese Embassy is just down the road. ADJ
10. Last year his health took a turn for the worse. NOUN
11. Diehard is the most exciting movie I’ve ever seen. ADJ
12. A battered music box sat on the mahogany sideboard. ADJ
13. The Karmen-Ghia used to be a fine German sports car. ADJ
14. Mrs Morrison papered her walls with hideous wall paper. NOUN
15. Those are probably the fanciest curtains in the store. ADJ
16. They grew up in a comfortable little house in Mexico City. ADJ
17. They found a few goldfish floating belly up in the swan pond. ADJ
18. In the fall, the valleys tend to be foggier than the hilltops. ADJ
19. Tashonda wanted to take a course with that new Japanese economics
professor. ADJ
20. Because of its high cost, a carpet is not an item that you change as the
fancy takes you. ADJ
Verb
Task: Identify and circle all the verbs in the following sentences.
1. Mawi lives in Johor.
2. Smoking damages your health.
3. Sailors must learn about dolphin.
4. He plays the drum with a metal band.
5. Hana is driving her father’s car today.
6. His forehead swelled up after the fall.
7. We have three cute birds in our school.
8. Mr Sort is the principal of Coddy College.
9. We were asked to move to a smaller room.
10. This plant has thrived on the south windowsill.
11. He saw a better opportunity in another country.
12. The sound of the birds carried through the mosque.
13. The committee selected a new president for the club.
14. The examiner was startled by the bursting air conditioner.
15. My son spent many hours trying to locate his drum sticks.
16. The number of participants has increased by 6% since 2005.
17. The mechanic managed to repair the motorbike before dawn.
18. The visitors attentively watched the final drama competition at the main hall.
19. The landlord was shocked to find that all his houses were infested with white ants.
Adverb
Task: In each of the following pairs of sentences, indicate whether the highlighted word is an adverb or an adjective.
1. He drives too fast. ADV
2. Still waters run deep. ADJ
3. My brother loves fast cars. ADJ
4. I’m not feeling well today. ADV
5. He still lives in that house. ADV
6. I am watching the late film. ADJ
7. It all happened pretty quick. ADV
8. My train arrived late, as usual. ADV
9. Are you well enough to travel? ADJ
10. We’ll meet here after the match. ADV
11. You’ve just ruined my best shirt. ADJ
12. Have we got time for a quick drink? ADJ
13. I hope you will try harder in future. ADV
14. The after-effects of this drug are bad. ADJ
15. This exercise is harder than I thought. ADJ
16. Computers work best if you kick them. ADV
17. The Peters must have come home early. ADV
18. The New Straits Times is published daily. ADV
19. The New Straits Times is a daily newspaper. ADJ
20. The early morning sunshine is good for our skin. ADJ
Preposition
Task: Identify and circle the prepositions in the following sentences.
1. I will be there in ten minutes.
2. Everyone was invited but Sandy. X
3. Behind the barn the cattle grazed.
4. Across the river the journey ends.
5. The storm raged throughout the night.
6. Saeed will meet us outside the theatre.
7. We parked the car behind Suria KLCC.
8. We prepared supper for the hockey team.
9. Paul and Jamila walked the shore together. X
10. Between you and me, I admire him greatly.
11. By the time Zoe arrived, the food was gone.
12. My grandmother told us tales about her childhood.
13. That huge old English sheepdog hid under the porch.
14. Winter’s Tears is a story of one man’s search for love.
15. Joseph Conrad will always be among the great writers.
16. She refused all assistance from the welfare department.
17. The worried parents came running from the waiting room.
18. The coach has not been satisfied with the team’s performance.
19. Before going to the movies, we will have dinner at my house.
20. Mrs Lambert sat on the edge of her chair, carefully following Khaleed’s story.
Conjunction
Task: In each of the following sentences, a conjunction is highlighted. Is it a coordinating conjunction or a subordinating conjunction?
1. Meg will drink red or white wine. CC
2. The job requires not only speed but also accuracy. CC
3. Has there been any development since we last met? SC
4. Last year we visited Langkawi and Tioman Islands. CC
5. I find it very difficult to forgive although I do eventually. SC
6. After she had learned to drive, Alice felt more independent. SC
7. Both my grandfather and my father worked in the steel plant. CC
8. Until I get a satisfactory explanation from you, I am not going to forgive you. SC
9. The Titanic hit an iceberg while crossing the Atlantic Oceon. SC
10. Karen is definitely coming, but I do not think Pete can make it. CC
11. The students showed no signs of fatigue, so we continued our journey through the jungle. CC
12. Corinne is trying to decide whether to go to medical school or to go to law school. CC
13. Conversation used to be entertainment, whereas now it is a means of exchanging information. CC
14. If there is any data that needs to be added, deleted or changed, the same software allows updating. SC
15. Top of Form
16. Daniel’s uncle claimed that he spent most of his youth dancing on rooftops and swallowing goldfish. CC
17. The proposal could not have been considered further unless it had been signed by all the members back in May. SC
18. Many think that Ms Hunter of the Poison Apple Company is a cold CEO, but her family finds her a loving mother and wife. CC
19. Some midwives argue that home births are safer because the mother and baby are exposed to fewer people and fewer germs. SC
20. The new model of the car produced by the well-known manufacturer neither displays aerodynamic features nor contains luxurious accessories. CC
Extended Task A
Identify the part of speech of the highlighted words in the following sentences.
1. Oh! I’m late for dinner. INTERJECTION
2. He weighs about a pound. PREPOSITION
3. He kept the fast for a week. NOUN
4. Not everybody enjoys sports. PRONOUN
5. After the storm, comes the calm. PREPOSITION
6. Suddenly one of the wheels came off. PREPOSITION
7. He bent and touched his mouth to its nose. PRONOUN
8. He is the new secretary of the president. VERB
9. She spoke more loudly than she intended. ADV
10. The duck indolently waddled up the bank. ADV
11. My husband and I enjoy going to the theatre. PRONOUN
12. “I will not!” Alia yelled and stamped her foot. VERB
13. International companies set the price of oil. VERB
14. A sudden breeze sent motes of dust dancing in the air. NOUN
15. They while away their evenings with books and games. VERB
16. Small children often insist that they can do it by themselves. ADJ
17. He confidently feels that there will be no problem this time. ADV
18. We walked amidst the chestnut trees on the mountain slopes. ADV
19. Everywhere she went, she talked about the prolific vegetables. PRONOUN
20. Product inspection is the responsibility of the employees themselves. PREPOSITION
21. The little boy chased a cat around the ring and then fell flat on his
face. NOUN
22. Although she gave hundreds of courgettes away, the enormous
mound left over frightened her. SC
23. She thought that the twenty courgette plants would not be
enough, so she planted another ten. VERB
24. The villages and towns they passed through were shabby,
where buildings had long been left to decay. ADJ
Extended Task B
Identify the part of speech of the highlighted words in the following sentences.
1. Oops, I’ve spelt that wrong. INTERJECTION
2. The hotel has its own pool. PRONOUN
3. They should have called the police. VERB
4. People were sunbathing on the grass. PREPOSITION
5. The state of Nevada is largely desert. ADV
6. The curtains had faded to a dusty pink. ADJ
7. Everyone should do what he considers best. PRONOUN
8. Her behaviour is creating a lot of problems. VERB
9. Earthquakes are extremely difficult to predict. ADV
10. What if I should fall sick and not be able to work? PRONOUN
11. When he was in the airforce, he flew Tornado jets. SC
12. I was going to ring you, but I don’t have your number. VERB
13. I learned a lot during my short stint as a junior reporter. ADJ
14. What would you do if someone tried to rob you in the street? PRONOUN
15. Rangers watched from their fire towers for any wisps of smoke. NOUN
16. There are plans to enlarge the runway to enable jumbo jets to land. VERB
17. These negotiations are the first step towards reaching an agreement. PREPOSITION
18. There’s a big difference between understanding something and
being able to explain it to others. ADJ
19. Speculation is growing that Grogan will be replaced at the end of
the season, and he is unlikely to go quietly. ADV
20. This might be because Dickens is trying to tell us that society
should be close-knit and not be segregated into different units. VERB
Sentence Patterns
Task: For the following sentences, determine whether they are simple, compound or complex sentences.
1. Who locked the door? SIMPLE
2. I haven’t asked him yet. SIMPLE
3. It was so embarrassing! SIMPLE
4. There’s no one here but me. SIMPLE
5. He can neither read nor write. SIMPLE
6. I missed supper, and I’m starving! COM
7. It’s an old car, but it’s very reliable. COM
8. We need a new battery for the radio. SIMPLE
9. Mr Thomas will be with you in a while. SIMPLE
10. He plays the guitar and sings folk songs. SIMPLE
11. There are no buses, so you’ll have to walk. COMP
12. Shall we go to the cinema or stay at home? SIMPLE
13. There are too many ifs in this plan of yours. SIMPLE
14. If Dad were here, he would know what to do. COMPLEX
15. I’m just getting to know who’s who in the department. SIMPLE
16. We thought we can win the match; however, we have lost it. COMP
17. It’s going to snow tomorrow, or that’s what the forecast says. COMP
18. Worrall was not at the meeting, nor was he at work yesterday. COMP
19. While she was asleep, thieves broke in and stole her handbag. COMPLEX
20. Kelly was a convicted criminal, yet many people admired him. COMP
21. You should report any incident, however serious or minor it is. SIMPLE
22. I cannot tell whether she is old or young, for I have never seen her. COMP
Subject-Verb Agreement
Task A: Identify and underline the correct verb of the following sentences:
1. Nina (enjoys, enjoy) archery.
2. Three tumblers (fill, fills) my bag.
3. He (mop, mops) the floor properly.
4. The house (is, are) in need of repair.
5. The student always (talk, talks) in class.
6. Fish and chips (are, is) his favorite food.
7. (Has, Have) Isma or Shima talked to the janitor?
8. Either the spoon or the fork (is, are) mine.
9. His time (is, are) spent working on the house.
10. The ship (is, are) sailing to the Atlantic Ocean.
11. Any actor or actress (is, are) welcomed to join the charity show.
12. Each of the sofas (was, were) over six feet long.
13. Some of my books (was, were) lying on the table.
14. Either those boys or the little girl (wins, win) the contest.
15. Either the little girl or those boys (wins, win) the contest.
16. Every one of my cats (likes, like) to play on the warm porch.
17. Every dancer and singer (needs, need) to audition.
18. Some of the kids (was, were) playing in the swimming pool.
19. Each of the victims (was, were) told not to talk about the case.
20. The absence of the students from their classes (causes, cause) them to be punished by the director.
Task B: Circle the correct answer.
1. You do, does look nice in that hat.
2. Suddenly, there is, are a loud explosion.
3. Is, Are that girl or you going to compete in the race?
4. Any child who breaks, break the rules will be punished.
5. Tira Jakulina, as well as her dancers, dances, dance superbly.
6. Two men appearing in court is, are to be charged with armed robbery.
7. People living within the danger zone has, have to evacuate immediately.
8. Traditional handbag makers is, are injecting more fun into their designs.
9. Either the dean of the faculty or the deputy dean is, are to attend the seminar annually.
10. Some students in our college comes, come here because they want to have fun, not because they want to learn.
Task C
In the paragraph below, the words in bold may be incorrect. In the space immediately after each such word, indicate if the word is correct (with a C) or incorrect (with an I) and correct it where necessary.
Everyone who have (1) __(I) has__ ever been to a graduation know (2) __(I) knows_ how exciting it can be for the graduates. In our town, nearly the whole population come (3) __(I) comes__ each year. There is (4) __(C )__one item that both graduates and guests enjoys. (5) __(I) enjoy___: the awarding of scholarships. This ceremony, along with the closing event, make (6) _(I) makes_ attending the graduation worthwhile. Several of the students who receives (7) __(I) receives__ awards plan (8) _(I) plans_ to attend the community college. Many former graduates is (9) _(I) are__ grateful for the opportunities that the award provide (10) _(I) provides__.
Task D
Line Error Correction
1. 3 likes like
2. 4 loves love
3. 8 is are
4. 10 is are
5. 14 walk walks
6. 15 stares stare
7. 16 has have
8. 16 stamp stamps
9. 18 makes make
10. 22 are is
Verb Tenses
Task: Simple Present
conducts
are
leaves
revolves
is, is, becomes
Task: Simple Past
stopped
was
received
rang
lost, went, was
Task: Simple Future
will take
will graduate, will move
will have
will be, will give
will be, will not be, will remain
Task: Present Continuous
is meeting
am taking
am trying
is playing, is hiding
are looking, are buying
Task: Past Continuous
was acting
was sleeping
was living
was cheering
was tending, was still fixing
Task: Future Continuous
will be sleeping
will be shopping
will be getting
will be driving
will be looking, will be living
Task: Present Perfect
has already set
has never seen
have played
has lost
has reminded, have forgotten
Task: Past Perfect
had won
had already locked
had settled
had ever worked
had already cleaned
Task: Future Perfect
will have promoted
will have heard
will have completed
will have taken
will have caught
Task: Present Perfect Continuous
has been sleeping
have been waiting
have been playing
has been talking
has been campaigning
Task: Past Perfect Continuous
had been drifting
had been watching
had been queuing
had been observing
had been waiting
Task: Future Perfect Continuous
will have been flying
will have been serving
will have been talking
will have been grumbling
will have been writing
Extended Task A
called, was watching
have been working
loves, goes
writes, has been writing, has written
got, had been waiting
was trying, slipped, fell
wake, eat, leave, got, skipped, left, forgot
is reading, is making, were doing, cooked, read, will also do, will be preparing, will be reading
will have completed, find, have not accomplished, am still studying
are usually, are
Extended Task B
Line
Error
Correction
6
make
made
7
will win
won
9
emerge
emerged
13
will remain
remained
15
believe
believed
17
provides
provided
22
increases
increased
25-26
will encourage
encouraged
26
succeed
succeeded
27
is
was
Extended Task C
have been
had come
had been trying
have strengthen
have come
UNIT 3 INFORMATION TRANSFER
Transferring Information from Linear to Non-linear Text
The Many Uses of a Coconut Tree
1. leaves
2. trunk
3. midribs
4. fruit
5. juice
Kuala Lumpur the Shopping Paradise
b. Times Square
e. Suria KLCC
Street Shopping
c. Jalan Petaling
Flea Markets
d. Kampung Baru
TILMU
- University Academic Programmes Unit
- Workplace English Programmes Unit
- Professional Development Programmes Unit
- International Programmes Unit
- School Programmes Unit
Cybermedia Training Centre
- 45% operating expenditure
- 25% research and development
- 20% overseas business ventures
- 5% promotional activities
- 5% safety gears
Transferring Information from Non-linear to Linear Text
Tables
Task A
1. c 2. c 3. a
Task B (Answers may vary)
· Analyse Starlight 6006 Mobile Phone
· Reasons – price, additional functions, etc.
Task C (Answers may vary)
· Analyse usage of computers among Malaysians
· Reasons – more males at work, generation gap, etc.
Bar Graphs
Task A
Enrolment of students in Engineering Faculties in public universities 99-2003
The graph compares the percentage of boys and girls into the engineering faculties in public universities
UTM
MMU
accept any possible reasons – i.e. poor SPM results, etc.
Task B (Answers may vary)
Compare the world languages
Population in each region
Reasons – China’s economy, Internet, etc
Task C (Answers may vary)
· Compare Silver Bird and Wings of Malaysia (2000-2005)
· Reasons – prices, services etc.
Line Graphs
Task A (Answers may vary)
· Enrolment increases from 2000 to 2005
· Reasons – quality education, lower tuition fees, etc.
Task B (Answers may vary)
· Higher sales of local cars, compared to imported cars (1995-2005)
· Reasons – cheaper local cars, competitive imported cars, etc.
Pie Charts
Task A (Answers may vary)
· Highest failure in ENG
· Reasons – number of students, attention given, etc.
Task B (Answers may vary)
Compare some of the categories of public i.e. housewives, long distance drivers etc.
Reasons – transmitted by the partner who practices unsafe sex, etc.
Diagrams
Task A (Answers may vary)
Task B (Answers may vary)
UNIT 4 WRITING
Process of Writing
Task: Write a brief outline on each of the following topics.
Answers may vary.
1. The benefits of having a roommate
- share household expenses
- share household chores
- keep each other company
2. The drawbacks of cigarette smoking
- increases unnecessary expenses
- causes health hazard
- shows negative social image
3. The advantages of being the eldest child in the family
- getting lots of attention
- no hand-me-downs items
- learn leadership qualities
4. How to encourage a reading habit among students
- read for pleasure
- read in a comfortable place
- read short and interesting materials
5. How to have a great holiday
- select a destination that suits your budget
- get all the important information
- pack accordingly
Paragraph Writing
Task: Circle the topic and underline the controlling idea in each of the following topic sentences. Then provide three supporting details for each topic sentence.
1. Smoking can cause social problems.
Topic: smoking
Controlling idea: cause social problems
Supporting details: answers may vary
2. Parents of teenagers often feel unappreciated.
Topic: parents of teenagers
Controlling idea: feel unappreciated
Supporting details: answers may vary
3. Exercising regularly leads to considerable health benefits.
Topic: exercising regularly
Controlling idea: considerable health benefits
Supporting details: answers may vary
4. Teenage suicide affects the family in several negative ways.
Topic: teenage suicide
Controlling idea: affects the family in several negative ways
Supporting details: answers may very
5. Fixing a flat tyre of a car is easy if you follow these steps.
Topic: fixing a flat tyre
Controlling idea: follow these steps
Supporting details: answers may vary
6. Animals in danger of becoming extinct come from a wide range of countries.
Topic: animals in danger of becoming extinct
Controlling idea: wide range of countries
Supporting details: answers may vary
7. Air pollution in Moscow is the worst in the world for a number of reasons.
Topic: air pollution in Moscow
Controlling idea: the worst in the world for a number of reasons
Supporting details: answers may vary
8. Successfully transplanting a tree requires careful attention to details.
Topic: successfully transplanting a tree
Controlling idea: requires careful attention to details
Supporting details: answers may vary
9. One reason why people keep books is to make a good impression.
Topic: why people keep books
Controlling idea: make a good impression
Supporting details: answers may vary
10. Most adults find learning a foreign language difficult.
Topic: most adults
Controlling idea: learning a foreign language difficult
Supporting details: answers may vary
The Introductory Paragraph
Task
1. It is impractical, doesn’t achieve the results it claims, and is sure route to poor nutrition.
2. Love involves mutual respect, the desire to give rather than take, and the feeling of being wholly at ease.
3. After only three days of my family’s visit, I was thoroughly sick of my brother-in-law’s corny jokes, my sister’s endless complaints about her boss, and their children’s constant invasions of our privacy.
4. Would-be parents should be forced to apply parental licenses for which they would have to meet three important conditions.
The Thesis Statement
Task
1. I have tried several ways to give up snacks by avoiding the snack aisle in the supermarket, limiting myself to only a packet a day, and keeping them in a padlocked cupboard.
2. People keep books for reference materials, to give a good impression, and for sentimental values.
3. Kimberly was a slave to her superstitions as she always wore good luck charms, refused to go trick-or-treat one Halloween, and used to read her horoscope daily.
4. Three factors that contributed to my lung cancer are being a heavy cigarette smoker, having a family history of cancer, and living an unhealthy lifestyle.
5. Motorcycle racing is exciting because they ride at breakneck speeds, tear down the circuit with a deafening roar, and they lean their machine until their knee almost scrape the tarmac at a bend.
The Concluding Paragraph
Task
1. End with a prediction or recommendation
2. End with a summary or restating the thesis generally
Extended Task
1. Start with a general statement
2. While I love movies as much as ever, the inconvenience of going out, the temptations of the theater, and the behaviour of some patrons are reasons for me to wait and rent the video.
3. To begin with, I just don't enjoy the general hassle of the evening.
4. Second, the theater offers tempting snacks that I really don't need.
5. Many of the other patrons are even more is a problem then the concession stand.
6. End with a summary or restating the thesis generally and a final thought.
Coherent & Cohesive Writing
Task A
Therefore
As a result
Besides that
On the contrary
Similarly
because
Thus
although
on the contrary
but
*accept any other possible answers
Task B
1. For example; Other than that
2. First; However; On the other hand
3. for example
4. like; In addition
5. First; Next; Besides that,
Task C
1. …not have enough knowledge and skills, …face pressure to perform well in school.
…facing pressure to perform well in school,…prone to get involved in romantic
relationship.
2. …introducing their latest products in the market, …help boosts the companies’ reputation internationally.
…introducing their latest products in the market, … help boosts the companies’
reputation internationally, …inform the consumers of where to obtain the latest
technology and inventions easily.
Chronological Order
Task
1. 2,3,1
2. 3,1,2
3. 3,1,2
Emphatic Order
Task
1. 2,1,3
2. 3,1,2
3. 2,3,1
Task (Answers may vary)
The following is a list of essay topics. First, choose a topic. Second, create an outline for the topic. Third, develop the outline into a 350-word essay complete with an introduction, three body paragraphs and a conclusion.
The Process Essay
Task A
Thesis statement:
Designing a content-rich, visually attractive web page takes a number of important steps, such as deciding on the information to share and the audience, designing the storyboard and web page, and establishing credibility.
Topic sentence 1
First, you need to decide on the kind of information that you would like to share with others by thinking about the audience.
Topic sentence 2
Second, you need to design a storyboard and a creative web page.
Topic sentence 3
Third, you need to include pieces of information that will establish the credibility of the content of the web page.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the steps in designing a web page are planning, developing and enriching.
Task B (Answers may vary)
THE EXAMPLE ESSAY
Task A
Thesis statement
My favourite sights of Paris are its breathtaking gardens, the ancient cathedrals and the majestic monuments.
Topic sentence 1
To begin with, Paris is a city with many fabulous gardens.
Topic sentence 2
Apart from the impressive gardens, I am drawn to the ancient cathedrals in Paris.
Topic sentence 3
Most of all, I can never resist the magnificent monuments of Paris.
Conclusion
A city where beauty, history and man-made structures are so distinguished, Paris is practically quaint and incomparable to other cities around the world.
Task B (Answers may vary)
UNIT 5 SAMPLE QUESTIONS
Sample Midterm Test 1
Section A
Question 1
Propaganda film : Battelship Potemkin or The Eternal Jew; documentary film: The Corporation
The two movies are capable in conveying messaged with conviction as they can shape and alter people’s ways of thinking and beliefs.
It helps individuals to overcome their problems and gives them a source of inspiration to change for the better and to pursue what they wanted to achieve by identifying themselves with the positive characters in the films.
Movies have cumulative influencing impacts, which are very subtle and gradual and not instantly apparent. Responsible viewers will focus on the question of gradual impacts rather than singling out isolated examples of offensive materials.
The tool must be utilized to promote and uphold any society’s values and moral obligations. The must be used to redeem any damage and preserve the benefits that have been brought on by their influences.
Question 2
Task 1
Verb: educate; Noun: education
Adv: imaginatively; Noun: imagination, imaginativeness
Verb: imitate; Adv: imitatively
Adv: reflectively; Adj: reflective
Task 2
i. change, modify, adjust
ii. well-paid, profitable
i. fail
ii. obvious
Section B
Task
Answer
Line
Error
Correction
1.
2
is
are
2.
3
does
do
3.
5
is
are
4.
7
reflect
reflects
5.
12
control
controls
6.
13
show
shows
7.
14
are
is
8.
15
are
is
9.
16
allow
allows
10.
18
are
is
Section C
I. The table above indicates the expenditure on advertisements in Malaysia from 2003 till 2005.
II. Highest: television in 2005 = RM 803.25 million
III. Lowest: video 2005 = RM 7.85 million
IV. Trend
1. The expenditure of advertisements in newspaper, television, magazines and board constantly increases from 2003 to 2005.
2. While the expenditure of advertisements in video decreases from RM 10.35 million to RM 7.85 million with the difference of 2.5 million
3. The margin of expenditure spends between television and video is about RM 2000 million
V. Reasons on the trend
1. The television can reach lots of viewers compared to other medium.
2. Video and cinema have limited contact with consumers.
Sample Midterm Test 2
Section A
Question 1
The bridge that connects the right and left hemispheres of the brain.
They belief that most human have creative ability that is greater than what we use in daily life.
The brain of teenagers continue to mature into their 20s and it lacks self awareness and intelligent and because of this they are not able to read emotions on people’s faces.
Negative emotions, such as loneliness, depression and helplessness are believed to cause higher rate of sickness and death and positive thinking can help people remain in good physical health or become well faster after an illness.
Question 2
Task 1
Noun: creativeness
Noun: imprisonment, prisoner
Verb: memorise
Adv: mentally
Task 2
i. perception
ii. group of similar things
i. dull
ii. uninhibited
Section B
Task
* Please inform your students that for this task, there are only 9 mistakes.
Answer
Line
Error
Correction
1.
1
does
Do
2.
3
are
Is
3.
3
has
Have
4.
4
are
Is
5.
5
results
result
6.
9
is
Are
7.
10
bring
Brings
8.
12
is
Are
9.
14
seem
seems
Section C
I. The graph above indicates the number of accident cases in Malaysia from 1991 to 2001.
II. Highest number of accident cases is in 2001 which is about 260, 000.
III. Lowest number of accident cases is in 1991 which is about 99, 000
IV. Trend
1. The number of accidents constantly increases from 1991 to 2001.
2. The difference number of accidents in 1991 and 2005 is 170, 000 accidents.
V. Reasons on the trend
1. People are getting more careless/reckless.
2. Under the influence of drugs and alcohols
Sample Final Examination 1
Section A
Question 1
Sex is innate whereas gender is learned.
The society becomes bias, where men abs masculinity became standard and valued, as compared to women and femininity who are often marginalized, demeaned, diminished, devalued and deprecated.
It is because the society would automatically see her as being young and materialistic, using her beauty to an aged, rich, famous husband.
Masculine bias is illustrated in the use of marked and unmarked forms.
It has a negative connotations and it portrays women as sexual objects.
Question 2
True
True
False
True
Question 3
maleness, manliness
degrade, put down, humiliate
innocence, immaturity, naivety
supports, strengthens, highlights
Section B
Task 1
* Please inform your students that for this task, there are only 9 mistakes.
Line
Error
Correction
3
were
are
5
was
is
5
gives
gave
7
contributes
contributed
11
was
is
13
was
is
16
valued
values
19
becomes
will become
21
did
does
Task 2
had resorted
had been waiting
are also taking
have cashed in
has resulted
Section C
Question 1: Tourism
Improving our facilities
- provide wireless internet connection at the hotspots
- upgrade the hotels
Ensuring the cleanliness of our country
- clean the public toilet everyday
- no rubbish at the popular tourist spots
Publicity through mass media
- optimize the online promotion
- better online management
Question 2: Music
· Fashion
- tattoo
- unkempt look
· Behaviour
- promotes casual sex
- wild behaviour
· Language
- sexist and racist lyrics
- violent and depressing lyrics
Sample Final Examination 2
Section A
Question 1
The transcendence of geography, besides the freedom of anonymity encourages individuals to participate in the chat room without inhibition.
Nickname is used to mask the chatters real-life identity.
Because it is difficult to clearly identify the individual, as all one needs to do is change his or her nickname and assume a new identity.
Sue is a man who had just been jailed for fraud.
The middle-aged male psychiatrist chose to identify himself as “Julie”, and presented himself as an old, lonely and crippled woman.
Face-to-face allows the chatters to acquire or gauge basic information like age, gender, and ethnicity while cyberspace abolishes our physical existence.
Question 2
False
False
True
True
Question 3
nameless
hidden, obscured
deception, deceit, make believe
obtain, get
Section B
Task 1
Line
Error
Correction
5
will increase
increased
7
was
is
8
was
is
10
will begin
began
12
was
is
16
was
is
19
determined
determine
22
fitted
fits
23
were
was
25
tended
tend
Task 2
has offered
are altering
are hoping
have been experimenting
have created
Section C
Question 1: Vacation
· Find information on the place to go
- read brochures or pamphlets
- information on the cost
- information on activities offered
· Plan the vacation
- plan which routes to take
- plan on what activities to do there
· Make a budget
- on transportation
- on accommodation
- on food
Question 2: Parents as role model
· lots of love and care for the children
- knowing something about them and their development
- express affection and compassionate
- listen to the children
· spending quality time with the children
- helping them with their homework
- going with them to other activities
- going on family vacation and outing
· shows positive attitudes
- honesty,
- integrity, consistent
- dependable, & trustworthy
1. Roots
2. Task
3. lead
4. recess
5. innovate
6. compete
7. radiate
8. ride
9. designate
10. liberal
11. authorize
12. quantity
Prefixes
Task A
unpopular
misuse
remarry
malpractice
unease
imperfect
inconsiderate
impersonal
misplace
non-specific
Task B
monorail
decomposed
unrest
antibiotic
readmitted
indecent
mistrial
Telemarketing
substandard
disbanded
Suffixes
Task A
Root word Noun Verb Adjective Adverb
1. hope hope hope hopeless hopelessly
2. argue argument argue arguable arguably
3. political politics politicize political politically
4. thought thought Think thoughtful thoughtfully
5. fool fool Fool foolish foolishly
6. apologize apology apologize apologetic apologetically
7. general generalization generalize general generally
8. popular popularity popularize popular popularly
9. intense intensity intensify intense intensely
10. expect expectation expect expectant expectantly
Task B
exposure
rationalize
artful
expectancy
unfortunate
disseminate
irregularities
marketable
irreparable
restructuring
Skimming and Scanning
Task A
Health benefits of almond
Evolution of the telephone
Features of an MP3 player
Task B
Analyzing needs and desires to reduce debts.
Factors that lead to the extinction of dodo.
Ways on how truffles are harvested.
Scanning
Task A
The house in Taman Muzaffar Heights.
RM400
The house in Taman Muzaffar Heights
Joey
The house in Taman Kerjasama
The Taman Jati bungalow
Task B
10 years
One who is a Malaysian, is below the age of 21, has obtained at least 6 distinctions in the SPM examination and is active in sports and co-curricular activities.
No because he does not meet the scholarship requirement that needs at least 6 distinctions.
RM6500
No.
The form can be obtained online at http://www.telemobile.com.my/scholar
The documents are certified true copies of one’s SPM results, IC, curriculum vitae and 2 recommendation letters.
A and B
3 ways – via post, email and fax.
31 August 2006
Distinguishing Main Ideas From Supporting Details
Task A
1. Topic: Red poinsettia
Main idea: The appeal of poinsettia
Supporting details:
a) Its vibrant colour can brighten up a home.
b) It is a perfect gift because of its versatility.
c) It can last long.
d) It is affordable.
2. Topic: Toasting with champagne or wine
Main idea: How to make a toast
Supporting details:
a) Check with the hosts when the toast can be offered.
b) When toasting, spontaneity, brevity and wit are important.
c) End with inviting all to join in, make a wish and sip the drink.
3. Topic: Year-end bonuses
Main idea: How people spend their year-end bonuses.
Supporting details:
a) Change to more expensive car or go on shopping spree.
b) Upgrade or invest in real estate.
c) Check off priorities on the financial to-do list.
4. Topic: Excessive consumption of alcohol
Main idea: Health effects of drinking too much alcohol
Supporting details:
a) Kidneys secrete more urine till the body becomes dehydrated.
b) It inflames the stomach and causes gastroenteritis.
c) Brain cells are incapacitated which leads to brain swelling and a headache.
5. Topic: Planning outings
Main idea: Plan outings with children in mind
Supporting details:
a) Pack and place tidbits, toys and books at reachable places.
b) Make a few rest stops.
c) Time the trip so that you can arrive fresh and rested.
Task B
Cybercourtship
a) paragraph 1 – emergence of cybercourtship
b) paragraph 2 – reasons for virtual courtship
c) paragraph 3 – reasons for virtual courtship
d) paragraph 4 – challenges of virtual romance
a) The reasons people opt for cybercourtship
· Online, there is less inhibition and shyness that normally go with visual contact.
· It is easier to form quick, intense bond online.
· Writing online has its own characteristics of language freedom and speed.
b) The problems that virtual courtship can create
· One’s casual, quickly typed comment can be easily misunderstood.
· Without physical feedback from body language, it becomes hard to control interaction.
Distinguishing Relevant From Irrelevant Details
Task A
B
C
D
D
B
Task B
In traditional reading lessons, teachers often find it difficult to manage students who feel frustrated and give up whenever they cannot complete their tasks on time.
Learning should not be passive but should involve the learner in continually thinking about the language, engaging in it and responding to it.
Thus, designing multimedia courseware demands careful attention as the novelty features of multimedia may offer short-term incentive to engage in the technology but may not necessarily lead to improved learning.
Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary Enrichment
Reading Comprehension
1. Their career plans depends on the needs of their husbands and children, and they expect their careers to be interrupted or halted at various times.
2. The main idea of paragraph 5 is that the American workplace is not designed for people who want to make equal commitments to their family and their job.
3. “This” refers to the fact that working women do fifteen more hours of work a week than their husbands do.
4. Several reasons:
- women earn less than men and so have more of an economic need for marriage
- marriage is less stable then it used to be, and divorce is more economically damaging to women then to men
- many divorced mothers receive little emotional or other support from traditionally minded friends and relatives.
True/False
F
T
F
T
Contextual Clues
1. unanimous - in complete agreement/ undisputed
2. vague - unclear/ indistinct
3. halted - stopped/ ceased
4. realistic - practical/ rational/ reasonable
5. alternatives - options/ choices
6. ridiculed - mocked/ scorned
7. visible - obvious/ noticeable
8. routines - schedule/ habit/ practice
9. colliding - conflicting
10. privileged - advantaged
* Note: accept other possible answers
Affixes
1. clearly, adverb
2. cultural, adjective
3. alternates, verb
4. responsibility, noun
5. oppression, noun
UNIT 2 GRAMMAR
Parts of Speech
Noun
Task: Underline the nouns in the following sentences.
1. We will take the quiz today.
2. I’ll have the guava juice, please.
3. Aish is studying music at college.
4. Her parents plan to go to the moon.
5. My pony has eaten four carrots just now.
6. I thought it was a strange comment to make.
7. Maxwell and Kevin played a game in the library.
8. A new giraffe was donated to the zoo last month.
9. Mr and Mrs Kendell lived in a little cottage by the lake.
10. We painted the playroom yellow and the library green.
11. The committee will meet today to make the vital decision.
12. The crocodile hunter accidentally crushed the cuckoo’s eggs.
13. The university guard looked at all the students’ identification card.
14. All the paddy fields in Kedah were invaded by bugs last year.
15. Some scientists believe that schizophrenia is transmitted genetically.
16. Many childcare workers are unemployed during the recession period.
17. According to the sign, the nearest petrol station is 10 kilometres away.
18. The details given to the officers in charge of the crime were very accurate.
19. Since he inherited his uncle’s audiovisual room, Baihaqi spends every weekend indexing his CDs and DVDs.
20. Over the course of twenty-seven years, Captain Asri flew over seven hundred thousand hours in various types of aircraft.
Pronoun
Task: Identify the type of pronoun of the highlighted words in the following sentences: personal, reflexive, possessive, relative, indefinite, demonstrative or interrogative.
1. I can’t find them. PERSONAL
2. Give the list to me. PERSONAL
3. This must not continue. DEMONSTRATIVE
4. She wants to do it herself. REFLEXIVE
5. Jim gave me the last copy. PERSONAL
6. Why are you shouting at me? PERSONAL
7. Nobody said a word all night. INDEFINITE
8. His is on the kitchen counter. POSSESSIVE
9. I can’t believe it’s finally ours. POSSESSIVE
10. He wants to go to Scarborough. PERSONAL
11. Whom do you think we should invite? INTERROGATIVE
12. I will read whichever manuscript that arrives first. RELATIVE
13. The town gave them a special award last summer. PERSONAL
14. Whoever broke the window will have to replace it. INDEFINITE
15. The girl who usually cuts my hair has won the lottery. RELATIVE
16. Richard usually sends a copy of his e-mail to himself. REFLEXIVE
17. Let’s contact one another once we’ve made some progress. INDEFINITE
18. Many were invited to the lunch, but only twelve showed up. INDEFINITE
19. Make sure you give everyone a copy of the amended minutes. INDEFINITE
20. Rebecca and I told the reporter the story about our neighbours. PERSONAL
Adjective
Task: In each of the following sentences, indicate whether the highlighted word is an adjective or a noun.
1. Life is not cheap. NOUN
2. Friday is a busy day for me. ADJ
3. What is your phone number? ADJ
4. The records of our patient are confidential. NOUN
5. Uncle Carl is really a sweet old man. ADJ
6. This needs to be fumigated. NOUN
7. The bakery sold his favourite type of bread. ADJ
8. The Prime Minister is a close friend of mine. ADJ
9. The Chinese Embassy is just down the road. ADJ
10. Last year his health took a turn for the worse. NOUN
11. Diehard is the most exciting movie I’ve ever seen. ADJ
12. A battered music box sat on the mahogany sideboard. ADJ
13. The Karmen-Ghia used to be a fine German sports car. ADJ
14. Mrs Morrison papered her walls with hideous wall paper. NOUN
15. Those are probably the fanciest curtains in the store. ADJ
16. They grew up in a comfortable little house in Mexico City. ADJ
17. They found a few goldfish floating belly up in the swan pond. ADJ
18. In the fall, the valleys tend to be foggier than the hilltops. ADJ
19. Tashonda wanted to take a course with that new Japanese economics
professor. ADJ
20. Because of its high cost, a carpet is not an item that you change as the
fancy takes you. ADJ
Verb
Task: Identify and circle all the verbs in the following sentences.
1. Mawi lives in Johor.
2. Smoking damages your health.
3. Sailors must learn about dolphin.
4. He plays the drum with a metal band.
5. Hana is driving her father’s car today.
6. His forehead swelled up after the fall.
7. We have three cute birds in our school.
8. Mr Sort is the principal of Coddy College.
9. We were asked to move to a smaller room.
10. This plant has thrived on the south windowsill.
11. He saw a better opportunity in another country.
12. The sound of the birds carried through the mosque.
13. The committee selected a new president for the club.
14. The examiner was startled by the bursting air conditioner.
15. My son spent many hours trying to locate his drum sticks.
16. The number of participants has increased by 6% since 2005.
17. The mechanic managed to repair the motorbike before dawn.
18. The visitors attentively watched the final drama competition at the main hall.
19. The landlord was shocked to find that all his houses were infested with white ants.
Adverb
Task: In each of the following pairs of sentences, indicate whether the highlighted word is an adverb or an adjective.
1. He drives too fast. ADV
2. Still waters run deep. ADJ
3. My brother loves fast cars. ADJ
4. I’m not feeling well today. ADV
5. He still lives in that house. ADV
6. I am watching the late film. ADJ
7. It all happened pretty quick. ADV
8. My train arrived late, as usual. ADV
9. Are you well enough to travel? ADJ
10. We’ll meet here after the match. ADV
11. You’ve just ruined my best shirt. ADJ
12. Have we got time for a quick drink? ADJ
13. I hope you will try harder in future. ADV
14. The after-effects of this drug are bad. ADJ
15. This exercise is harder than I thought. ADJ
16. Computers work best if you kick them. ADV
17. The Peters must have come home early. ADV
18. The New Straits Times is published daily. ADV
19. The New Straits Times is a daily newspaper. ADJ
20. The early morning sunshine is good for our skin. ADJ
Preposition
Task: Identify and circle the prepositions in the following sentences.
1. I will be there in ten minutes.
2. Everyone was invited but Sandy. X
3. Behind the barn the cattle grazed.
4. Across the river the journey ends.
5. The storm raged throughout the night.
6. Saeed will meet us outside the theatre.
7. We parked the car behind Suria KLCC.
8. We prepared supper for the hockey team.
9. Paul and Jamila walked the shore together. X
10. Between you and me, I admire him greatly.
11. By the time Zoe arrived, the food was gone.
12. My grandmother told us tales about her childhood.
13. That huge old English sheepdog hid under the porch.
14. Winter’s Tears is a story of one man’s search for love.
15. Joseph Conrad will always be among the great writers.
16. She refused all assistance from the welfare department.
17. The worried parents came running from the waiting room.
18. The coach has not been satisfied with the team’s performance.
19. Before going to the movies, we will have dinner at my house.
20. Mrs Lambert sat on the edge of her chair, carefully following Khaleed’s story.
Conjunction
Task: In each of the following sentences, a conjunction is highlighted. Is it a coordinating conjunction or a subordinating conjunction?
1. Meg will drink red or white wine. CC
2. The job requires not only speed but also accuracy. CC
3. Has there been any development since we last met? SC
4. Last year we visited Langkawi and Tioman Islands. CC
5. I find it very difficult to forgive although I do eventually. SC
6. After she had learned to drive, Alice felt more independent. SC
7. Both my grandfather and my father worked in the steel plant. CC
8. Until I get a satisfactory explanation from you, I am not going to forgive you. SC
9. The Titanic hit an iceberg while crossing the Atlantic Oceon. SC
10. Karen is definitely coming, but I do not think Pete can make it. CC
11. The students showed no signs of fatigue, so we continued our journey through the jungle. CC
12. Corinne is trying to decide whether to go to medical school or to go to law school. CC
13. Conversation used to be entertainment, whereas now it is a means of exchanging information. CC
14. If there is any data that needs to be added, deleted or changed, the same software allows updating. SC
15. Top of Form
16. Daniel’s uncle claimed that he spent most of his youth dancing on rooftops and swallowing goldfish. CC
17. The proposal could not have been considered further unless it had been signed by all the members back in May. SC
18. Many think that Ms Hunter of the Poison Apple Company is a cold CEO, but her family finds her a loving mother and wife. CC
19. Some midwives argue that home births are safer because the mother and baby are exposed to fewer people and fewer germs. SC
20. The new model of the car produced by the well-known manufacturer neither displays aerodynamic features nor contains luxurious accessories. CC
Extended Task A
Identify the part of speech of the highlighted words in the following sentences.
1. Oh! I’m late for dinner. INTERJECTION
2. He weighs about a pound. PREPOSITION
3. He kept the fast for a week. NOUN
4. Not everybody enjoys sports. PRONOUN
5. After the storm, comes the calm. PREPOSITION
6. Suddenly one of the wheels came off. PREPOSITION
7. He bent and touched his mouth to its nose. PRONOUN
8. He is the new secretary of the president. VERB
9. She spoke more loudly than she intended. ADV
10. The duck indolently waddled up the bank. ADV
11. My husband and I enjoy going to the theatre. PRONOUN
12. “I will not!” Alia yelled and stamped her foot. VERB
13. International companies set the price of oil. VERB
14. A sudden breeze sent motes of dust dancing in the air. NOUN
15. They while away their evenings with books and games. VERB
16. Small children often insist that they can do it by themselves. ADJ
17. He confidently feels that there will be no problem this time. ADV
18. We walked amidst the chestnut trees on the mountain slopes. ADV
19. Everywhere she went, she talked about the prolific vegetables. PRONOUN
20. Product inspection is the responsibility of the employees themselves. PREPOSITION
21. The little boy chased a cat around the ring and then fell flat on his
face. NOUN
22. Although she gave hundreds of courgettes away, the enormous
mound left over frightened her. SC
23. She thought that the twenty courgette plants would not be
enough, so she planted another ten. VERB
24. The villages and towns they passed through were shabby,
where buildings had long been left to decay. ADJ
Extended Task B
Identify the part of speech of the highlighted words in the following sentences.
1. Oops, I’ve spelt that wrong. INTERJECTION
2. The hotel has its own pool. PRONOUN
3. They should have called the police. VERB
4. People were sunbathing on the grass. PREPOSITION
5. The state of Nevada is largely desert. ADV
6. The curtains had faded to a dusty pink. ADJ
7. Everyone should do what he considers best. PRONOUN
8. Her behaviour is creating a lot of problems. VERB
9. Earthquakes are extremely difficult to predict. ADV
10. What if I should fall sick and not be able to work? PRONOUN
11. When he was in the airforce, he flew Tornado jets. SC
12. I was going to ring you, but I don’t have your number. VERB
13. I learned a lot during my short stint as a junior reporter. ADJ
14. What would you do if someone tried to rob you in the street? PRONOUN
15. Rangers watched from their fire towers for any wisps of smoke. NOUN
16. There are plans to enlarge the runway to enable jumbo jets to land. VERB
17. These negotiations are the first step towards reaching an agreement. PREPOSITION
18. There’s a big difference between understanding something and
being able to explain it to others. ADJ
19. Speculation is growing that Grogan will be replaced at the end of
the season, and he is unlikely to go quietly. ADV
20. This might be because Dickens is trying to tell us that society
should be close-knit and not be segregated into different units. VERB
Sentence Patterns
Task: For the following sentences, determine whether they are simple, compound or complex sentences.
1. Who locked the door? SIMPLE
2. I haven’t asked him yet. SIMPLE
3. It was so embarrassing! SIMPLE
4. There’s no one here but me. SIMPLE
5. He can neither read nor write. SIMPLE
6. I missed supper, and I’m starving! COM
7. It’s an old car, but it’s very reliable. COM
8. We need a new battery for the radio. SIMPLE
9. Mr Thomas will be with you in a while. SIMPLE
10. He plays the guitar and sings folk songs. SIMPLE
11. There are no buses, so you’ll have to walk. COMP
12. Shall we go to the cinema or stay at home? SIMPLE
13. There are too many ifs in this plan of yours. SIMPLE
14. If Dad were here, he would know what to do. COMPLEX
15. I’m just getting to know who’s who in the department. SIMPLE
16. We thought we can win the match; however, we have lost it. COMP
17. It’s going to snow tomorrow, or that’s what the forecast says. COMP
18. Worrall was not at the meeting, nor was he at work yesterday. COMP
19. While she was asleep, thieves broke in and stole her handbag. COMPLEX
20. Kelly was a convicted criminal, yet many people admired him. COMP
21. You should report any incident, however serious or minor it is. SIMPLE
22. I cannot tell whether she is old or young, for I have never seen her. COMP
Subject-Verb Agreement
Task A: Identify and underline the correct verb of the following sentences:
1. Nina (enjoys, enjoy) archery.
2. Three tumblers (fill, fills) my bag.
3. He (mop, mops) the floor properly.
4. The house (is, are) in need of repair.
5. The student always (talk, talks) in class.
6. Fish and chips (are, is) his favorite food.
7. (Has, Have) Isma or Shima talked to the janitor?
8. Either the spoon or the fork (is, are) mine.
9. His time (is, are) spent working on the house.
10. The ship (is, are) sailing to the Atlantic Ocean.
11. Any actor or actress (is, are) welcomed to join the charity show.
12. Each of the sofas (was, were) over six feet long.
13. Some of my books (was, were) lying on the table.
14. Either those boys or the little girl (wins, win) the contest.
15. Either the little girl or those boys (wins, win) the contest.
16. Every one of my cats (likes, like) to play on the warm porch.
17. Every dancer and singer (needs, need) to audition.
18. Some of the kids (was, were) playing in the swimming pool.
19. Each of the victims (was, were) told not to talk about the case.
20. The absence of the students from their classes (causes, cause) them to be punished by the director.
Task B: Circle the correct answer.
1. You do, does look nice in that hat.
2. Suddenly, there is, are a loud explosion.
3. Is, Are that girl or you going to compete in the race?
4. Any child who breaks, break the rules will be punished.
5. Tira Jakulina, as well as her dancers, dances, dance superbly.
6. Two men appearing in court is, are to be charged with armed robbery.
7. People living within the danger zone has, have to evacuate immediately.
8. Traditional handbag makers is, are injecting more fun into their designs.
9. Either the dean of the faculty or the deputy dean is, are to attend the seminar annually.
10. Some students in our college comes, come here because they want to have fun, not because they want to learn.
Task C
In the paragraph below, the words in bold may be incorrect. In the space immediately after each such word, indicate if the word is correct (with a C) or incorrect (with an I) and correct it where necessary.
Everyone who have (1) __(I) has__ ever been to a graduation know (2) __(I) knows_ how exciting it can be for the graduates. In our town, nearly the whole population come (3) __(I) comes__ each year. There is (4) __(C )__one item that both graduates and guests enjoys. (5) __(I) enjoy___: the awarding of scholarships. This ceremony, along with the closing event, make (6) _(I) makes_ attending the graduation worthwhile. Several of the students who receives (7) __(I) receives__ awards plan (8) _(I) plans_ to attend the community college. Many former graduates is (9) _(I) are__ grateful for the opportunities that the award provide (10) _(I) provides__.
Task D
Line Error Correction
1. 3 likes like
2. 4 loves love
3. 8 is are
4. 10 is are
5. 14 walk walks
6. 15 stares stare
7. 16 has have
8. 16 stamp stamps
9. 18 makes make
10. 22 are is
Verb Tenses
Task: Simple Present
conducts
are
leaves
revolves
is, is, becomes
Task: Simple Past
stopped
was
received
rang
lost, went, was
Task: Simple Future
will take
will graduate, will move
will have
will be, will give
will be, will not be, will remain
Task: Present Continuous
is meeting
am taking
am trying
is playing, is hiding
are looking, are buying
Task: Past Continuous
was acting
was sleeping
was living
was cheering
was tending, was still fixing
Task: Future Continuous
will be sleeping
will be shopping
will be getting
will be driving
will be looking, will be living
Task: Present Perfect
has already set
has never seen
have played
has lost
has reminded, have forgotten
Task: Past Perfect
had won
had already locked
had settled
had ever worked
had already cleaned
Task: Future Perfect
will have promoted
will have heard
will have completed
will have taken
will have caught
Task: Present Perfect Continuous
has been sleeping
have been waiting
have been playing
has been talking
has been campaigning
Task: Past Perfect Continuous
had been drifting
had been watching
had been queuing
had been observing
had been waiting
Task: Future Perfect Continuous
will have been flying
will have been serving
will have been talking
will have been grumbling
will have been writing
Extended Task A
called, was watching
have been working
loves, goes
writes, has been writing, has written
got, had been waiting
was trying, slipped, fell
wake, eat, leave, got, skipped, left, forgot
is reading, is making, were doing, cooked, read, will also do, will be preparing, will be reading
will have completed, find, have not accomplished, am still studying
are usually, are
Extended Task B
Line
Error
Correction
6
make
made
7
will win
won
9
emerge
emerged
13
will remain
remained
15
believe
believed
17
provides
provided
22
increases
increased
25-26
will encourage
encouraged
26
succeed
succeeded
27
is
was
Extended Task C
have been
had come
had been trying
have strengthen
have come
UNIT 3 INFORMATION TRANSFER
Transferring Information from Linear to Non-linear Text
The Many Uses of a Coconut Tree
1. leaves
2. trunk
3. midribs
4. fruit
5. juice
Kuala Lumpur the Shopping Paradise
b. Times Square
e. Suria KLCC
Street Shopping
c. Jalan Petaling
Flea Markets
d. Kampung Baru
TILMU
- University Academic Programmes Unit
- Workplace English Programmes Unit
- Professional Development Programmes Unit
- International Programmes Unit
- School Programmes Unit
Cybermedia Training Centre
- 45% operating expenditure
- 25% research and development
- 20% overseas business ventures
- 5% promotional activities
- 5% safety gears
Transferring Information from Non-linear to Linear Text
Tables
Task A
1. c 2. c 3. a
Task B (Answers may vary)
· Analyse Starlight 6006 Mobile Phone
· Reasons – price, additional functions, etc.
Task C (Answers may vary)
· Analyse usage of computers among Malaysians
· Reasons – more males at work, generation gap, etc.
Bar Graphs
Task A
Enrolment of students in Engineering Faculties in public universities 99-2003
The graph compares the percentage of boys and girls into the engineering faculties in public universities
UTM
MMU
accept any possible reasons – i.e. poor SPM results, etc.
Task B (Answers may vary)
Compare the world languages
Population in each region
Reasons – China’s economy, Internet, etc
Task C (Answers may vary)
· Compare Silver Bird and Wings of Malaysia (2000-2005)
· Reasons – prices, services etc.
Line Graphs
Task A (Answers may vary)
· Enrolment increases from 2000 to 2005
· Reasons – quality education, lower tuition fees, etc.
Task B (Answers may vary)
· Higher sales of local cars, compared to imported cars (1995-2005)
· Reasons – cheaper local cars, competitive imported cars, etc.
Pie Charts
Task A (Answers may vary)
· Highest failure in ENG
· Reasons – number of students, attention given, etc.
Task B (Answers may vary)
Compare some of the categories of public i.e. housewives, long distance drivers etc.
Reasons – transmitted by the partner who practices unsafe sex, etc.
Diagrams
Task A (Answers may vary)
Task B (Answers may vary)
UNIT 4 WRITING
Process of Writing
Task: Write a brief outline on each of the following topics.
Answers may vary.
1. The benefits of having a roommate
- share household expenses
- share household chores
- keep each other company
2. The drawbacks of cigarette smoking
- increases unnecessary expenses
- causes health hazard
- shows negative social image
3. The advantages of being the eldest child in the family
- getting lots of attention
- no hand-me-downs items
- learn leadership qualities
4. How to encourage a reading habit among students
- read for pleasure
- read in a comfortable place
- read short and interesting materials
5. How to have a great holiday
- select a destination that suits your budget
- get all the important information
- pack accordingly
Paragraph Writing
Task: Circle the topic and underline the controlling idea in each of the following topic sentences. Then provide three supporting details for each topic sentence.
1. Smoking can cause social problems.
Topic: smoking
Controlling idea: cause social problems
Supporting details: answers may vary
2. Parents of teenagers often feel unappreciated.
Topic: parents of teenagers
Controlling idea: feel unappreciated
Supporting details: answers may vary
3. Exercising regularly leads to considerable health benefits.
Topic: exercising regularly
Controlling idea: considerable health benefits
Supporting details: answers may vary
4. Teenage suicide affects the family in several negative ways.
Topic: teenage suicide
Controlling idea: affects the family in several negative ways
Supporting details: answers may very
5. Fixing a flat tyre of a car is easy if you follow these steps.
Topic: fixing a flat tyre
Controlling idea: follow these steps
Supporting details: answers may vary
6. Animals in danger of becoming extinct come from a wide range of countries.
Topic: animals in danger of becoming extinct
Controlling idea: wide range of countries
Supporting details: answers may vary
7. Air pollution in Moscow is the worst in the world for a number of reasons.
Topic: air pollution in Moscow
Controlling idea: the worst in the world for a number of reasons
Supporting details: answers may vary
8. Successfully transplanting a tree requires careful attention to details.
Topic: successfully transplanting a tree
Controlling idea: requires careful attention to details
Supporting details: answers may vary
9. One reason why people keep books is to make a good impression.
Topic: why people keep books
Controlling idea: make a good impression
Supporting details: answers may vary
10. Most adults find learning a foreign language difficult.
Topic: most adults
Controlling idea: learning a foreign language difficult
Supporting details: answers may vary
The Introductory Paragraph
Task
1. It is impractical, doesn’t achieve the results it claims, and is sure route to poor nutrition.
2. Love involves mutual respect, the desire to give rather than take, and the feeling of being wholly at ease.
3. After only three days of my family’s visit, I was thoroughly sick of my brother-in-law’s corny jokes, my sister’s endless complaints about her boss, and their children’s constant invasions of our privacy.
4. Would-be parents should be forced to apply parental licenses for which they would have to meet three important conditions.
The Thesis Statement
Task
1. I have tried several ways to give up snacks by avoiding the snack aisle in the supermarket, limiting myself to only a packet a day, and keeping them in a padlocked cupboard.
2. People keep books for reference materials, to give a good impression, and for sentimental values.
3. Kimberly was a slave to her superstitions as she always wore good luck charms, refused to go trick-or-treat one Halloween, and used to read her horoscope daily.
4. Three factors that contributed to my lung cancer are being a heavy cigarette smoker, having a family history of cancer, and living an unhealthy lifestyle.
5. Motorcycle racing is exciting because they ride at breakneck speeds, tear down the circuit with a deafening roar, and they lean their machine until their knee almost scrape the tarmac at a bend.
The Concluding Paragraph
Task
1. End with a prediction or recommendation
2. End with a summary or restating the thesis generally
Extended Task
1. Start with a general statement
2. While I love movies as much as ever, the inconvenience of going out, the temptations of the theater, and the behaviour of some patrons are reasons for me to wait and rent the video.
3. To begin with, I just don't enjoy the general hassle of the evening.
4. Second, the theater offers tempting snacks that I really don't need.
5. Many of the other patrons are even more is a problem then the concession stand.
6. End with a summary or restating the thesis generally and a final thought.
Coherent & Cohesive Writing
Task A
Therefore
As a result
Besides that
On the contrary
Similarly
because
Thus
although
on the contrary
but
*accept any other possible answers
Task B
1. For example; Other than that
2. First; However; On the other hand
3. for example
4. like; In addition
5. First; Next; Besides that,
Task C
1. …not have enough knowledge and skills, …face pressure to perform well in school.
…facing pressure to perform well in school,…prone to get involved in romantic
relationship.
2. …introducing their latest products in the market, …help boosts the companies’ reputation internationally.
…introducing their latest products in the market, … help boosts the companies’
reputation internationally, …inform the consumers of where to obtain the latest
technology and inventions easily.
Chronological Order
Task
1. 2,3,1
2. 3,1,2
3. 3,1,2
Emphatic Order
Task
1. 2,1,3
2. 3,1,2
3. 2,3,1
Task (Answers may vary)
The following is a list of essay topics. First, choose a topic. Second, create an outline for the topic. Third, develop the outline into a 350-word essay complete with an introduction, three body paragraphs and a conclusion.
The Process Essay
Task A
Thesis statement:
Designing a content-rich, visually attractive web page takes a number of important steps, such as deciding on the information to share and the audience, designing the storyboard and web page, and establishing credibility.
Topic sentence 1
First, you need to decide on the kind of information that you would like to share with others by thinking about the audience.
Topic sentence 2
Second, you need to design a storyboard and a creative web page.
Topic sentence 3
Third, you need to include pieces of information that will establish the credibility of the content of the web page.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the steps in designing a web page are planning, developing and enriching.
Task B (Answers may vary)
THE EXAMPLE ESSAY
Task A
Thesis statement
My favourite sights of Paris are its breathtaking gardens, the ancient cathedrals and the majestic monuments.
Topic sentence 1
To begin with, Paris is a city with many fabulous gardens.
Topic sentence 2
Apart from the impressive gardens, I am drawn to the ancient cathedrals in Paris.
Topic sentence 3
Most of all, I can never resist the magnificent monuments of Paris.
Conclusion
A city where beauty, history and man-made structures are so distinguished, Paris is practically quaint and incomparable to other cities around the world.
Task B (Answers may vary)
UNIT 5 SAMPLE QUESTIONS
Sample Midterm Test 1
Section A
Question 1
Propaganda film : Battelship Potemkin or The Eternal Jew; documentary film: The Corporation
The two movies are capable in conveying messaged with conviction as they can shape and alter people’s ways of thinking and beliefs.
It helps individuals to overcome their problems and gives them a source of inspiration to change for the better and to pursue what they wanted to achieve by identifying themselves with the positive characters in the films.
Movies have cumulative influencing impacts, which are very subtle and gradual and not instantly apparent. Responsible viewers will focus on the question of gradual impacts rather than singling out isolated examples of offensive materials.
The tool must be utilized to promote and uphold any society’s values and moral obligations. The must be used to redeem any damage and preserve the benefits that have been brought on by their influences.
Question 2
Task 1
Verb: educate; Noun: education
Adv: imaginatively; Noun: imagination, imaginativeness
Verb: imitate; Adv: imitatively
Adv: reflectively; Adj: reflective
Task 2
i. change, modify, adjust
ii. well-paid, profitable
i. fail
ii. obvious
Section B
Task
Answer
Line
Error
Correction
1.
2
is
are
2.
3
does
do
3.
5
is
are
4.
7
reflect
reflects
5.
12
control
controls
6.
13
show
shows
7.
14
are
is
8.
15
are
is
9.
16
allow
allows
10.
18
are
is
Section C
I. The table above indicates the expenditure on advertisements in Malaysia from 2003 till 2005.
II. Highest: television in 2005 = RM 803.25 million
III. Lowest: video 2005 = RM 7.85 million
IV. Trend
1. The expenditure of advertisements in newspaper, television, magazines and board constantly increases from 2003 to 2005.
2. While the expenditure of advertisements in video decreases from RM 10.35 million to RM 7.85 million with the difference of 2.5 million
3. The margin of expenditure spends between television and video is about RM 2000 million
V. Reasons on the trend
1. The television can reach lots of viewers compared to other medium.
2. Video and cinema have limited contact with consumers.
Sample Midterm Test 2
Section A
Question 1
The bridge that connects the right and left hemispheres of the brain.
They belief that most human have creative ability that is greater than what we use in daily life.
The brain of teenagers continue to mature into their 20s and it lacks self awareness and intelligent and because of this they are not able to read emotions on people’s faces.
Negative emotions, such as loneliness, depression and helplessness are believed to cause higher rate of sickness and death and positive thinking can help people remain in good physical health or become well faster after an illness.
Question 2
Task 1
Noun: creativeness
Noun: imprisonment, prisoner
Verb: memorise
Adv: mentally
Task 2
i. perception
ii. group of similar things
i. dull
ii. uninhibited
Section B
Task
* Please inform your students that for this task, there are only 9 mistakes.
Answer
Line
Error
Correction
1.
1
does
Do
2.
3
are
Is
3.
3
has
Have
4.
4
are
Is
5.
5
results
result
6.
9
is
Are
7.
10
bring
Brings
8.
12
is
Are
9.
14
seem
seems
Section C
I. The graph above indicates the number of accident cases in Malaysia from 1991 to 2001.
II. Highest number of accident cases is in 2001 which is about 260, 000.
III. Lowest number of accident cases is in 1991 which is about 99, 000
IV. Trend
1. The number of accidents constantly increases from 1991 to 2001.
2. The difference number of accidents in 1991 and 2005 is 170, 000 accidents.
V. Reasons on the trend
1. People are getting more careless/reckless.
2. Under the influence of drugs and alcohols
Sample Final Examination 1
Section A
Question 1
Sex is innate whereas gender is learned.
The society becomes bias, where men abs masculinity became standard and valued, as compared to women and femininity who are often marginalized, demeaned, diminished, devalued and deprecated.
It is because the society would automatically see her as being young and materialistic, using her beauty to an aged, rich, famous husband.
Masculine bias is illustrated in the use of marked and unmarked forms.
It has a negative connotations and it portrays women as sexual objects.
Question 2
True
True
False
True
Question 3
maleness, manliness
degrade, put down, humiliate
innocence, immaturity, naivety
supports, strengthens, highlights
Section B
Task 1
* Please inform your students that for this task, there are only 9 mistakes.
Line
Error
Correction
3
were
are
5
was
is
5
gives
gave
7
contributes
contributed
11
was
is
13
was
is
16
valued
values
19
becomes
will become
21
did
does
Task 2
had resorted
had been waiting
are also taking
have cashed in
has resulted
Section C
Question 1: Tourism
Improving our facilities
- provide wireless internet connection at the hotspots
- upgrade the hotels
Ensuring the cleanliness of our country
- clean the public toilet everyday
- no rubbish at the popular tourist spots
Publicity through mass media
- optimize the online promotion
- better online management
Question 2: Music
· Fashion
- tattoo
- unkempt look
· Behaviour
- promotes casual sex
- wild behaviour
· Language
- sexist and racist lyrics
- violent and depressing lyrics
Sample Final Examination 2
Section A
Question 1
The transcendence of geography, besides the freedom of anonymity encourages individuals to participate in the chat room without inhibition.
Nickname is used to mask the chatters real-life identity.
Because it is difficult to clearly identify the individual, as all one needs to do is change his or her nickname and assume a new identity.
Sue is a man who had just been jailed for fraud.
The middle-aged male psychiatrist chose to identify himself as “Julie”, and presented himself as an old, lonely and crippled woman.
Face-to-face allows the chatters to acquire or gauge basic information like age, gender, and ethnicity while cyberspace abolishes our physical existence.
Question 2
False
False
True
True
Question 3
nameless
hidden, obscured
deception, deceit, make believe
obtain, get
Section B
Task 1
Line
Error
Correction
5
will increase
increased
7
was
is
8
was
is
10
will begin
began
12
was
is
16
was
is
19
determined
determine
22
fitted
fits
23
were
was
25
tended
tend
Task 2
has offered
are altering
are hoping
have been experimenting
have created
Section C
Question 1: Vacation
· Find information on the place to go
- read brochures or pamphlets
- information on the cost
- information on activities offered
· Plan the vacation
- plan which routes to take
- plan on what activities to do there
· Make a budget
- on transportation
- on accommodation
- on food
Question 2: Parents as role model
· lots of love and care for the children
- knowing something about them and their development
- express affection and compassionate
- listen to the children
· spending quality time with the children
- helping them with their homework
- going with them to other activities
- going on family vacation and outing
· shows positive attitudes
- honesty,
- integrity, consistent
- dependable, & trustworthy
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